Pre-Modern Style included different sensibilities, movements, and artists such as Thonet, The Shakers, Arts and Crafts, the Chicago and Glasgow Schools.
Image source: https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/ab7702cf-5378-4b71-a8f5-901dc1ce93d7 by ||-SAM Nasim-||
Thonet Style
Michael Thonet was born in 1796. He was a cabinet maker. He had projected a new process of making furnishings out of a combination of bent and glued wooden parts. The Boppard Layerwood Chair was his first true success, although he failed in getting a patent for the technology he used to design it.
Image source: https://www.boisbuchet.org/collection/boppard-chair/
Image source: https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/93f9543d-9d1a-4b64-92a7-56fee9f754e6 by Holger.Ellgaard
Shaker Style
It has no ornaments in the design of the woodworks. The most relevant values of Shaker furniture are good craftsmanship, functionality, and simplicity. It was believed that all things were meant to be created in the name of religion. The concern for spirituality looked for perfection in craftsmanship without taking shortcuts.
Image source: https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/c2b4a995-740b-4608-9f74-b7265dd7a7db by DesignFolly.com
Arts and Crafts
The Arts and Crafts movement was made created by a group of English designers and writers that wanted a return to well-made by hands, goods poor-quality products. This will create something unique, had as a result, stylized flowers, allegoric figures from the Bible, and literature, for example.
Image source: https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/ab4e11ef-e26c-4002-9320-df94733c4f5c by NinaZed
Image source: https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/d0ace494-b3fb-48ab-895c-b8ad34f93404 by rogue-designs
Image source: https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/85021393-a558-47df-8cd3-015e9ce7a306 by Dave Catchpole
Glasgow School
The Glasgow School was born as a circle of influential artists and designers that began to work together in Glasgow. Famous groups included “The Four”: Margaret MacDonald, the architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh, MacDonald’s sister Frances and Herbert McNair. They were important in the creation of the distinctive Glasgow Style.
Image source: https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/f961b8a1-ba74-4b3c-873f-daaaf4688c48 by stevecadman
Image source: https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/c1eb87f0-0fd3-4ff9-bc24-fa201179cac3 by dalbera
Chicago school
Much of its early work is also known as the Commercial style. In the history of art, the first Chicago School was a movement of architects active in Chicago at the beginning of the 20th century. They started promoting new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial structures, along with the concern for the use of space. A Second Chicago School started designing with new building technologies structural systems.
Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montauk_Building
Info sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Thonet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaker_furniture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement
