Materials, Technologies, Techniques, Discoveries

Ancient Materials

• Wood
• Clay
• Limestone
• Sandstone
• Calcite
• Schists
• Lapis Lazuli / Blue Stone
• Copper
• Tin
• Bronze
• Gold
• Silver
• Granite
• Marble
• Amber
• Incense
• Cellulose

Ancient Tools and Techniques

• Stone Age Tools
• Bronze Age Tools
• Iron Age Tools
• Pottery
• Plaster
• Pillars and Beams
• Stone Polishing
• Jewellery
• Relief Sculpture (Raised and Sunk)
• Pigments and Painting
• Woodblock Printing

Roman Age (753BC-476AD)

• Opus Caementicium/ Concrete
• Enplastrum / Plaster
• Plumbum and Plumbing
• Roads, Aqueducts, Sewers

Middle Ages (500-1300)

• Tapestry: Carpets and Arras
• Firearms (13th Century)
• The Eyeglasses (13th Century)

Renaissance (1300-1400)

• Venetian Glass
• Italian Maiolica
• Marqueterie / Marquetry
• Gutenberg’s Printing Press (1440)

Baroque and Rococo’ (1500-1700)

• Boiseries
• Gypsum Plaster (Plaster of Paris)
• Chinoiserie
• Porcelain

Industrialism (1800)

• First Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)
  • Steam Power and Factory System
  • Textile Industry
  • Agricultural Revolution
  • The Invention of Circular Saw (1777)
• The Invention of Hydraulic Concrete
  • Portland Cement (1824)
• Michael Thonet (1796– 1871)
  • The Invention of Curved Wood (1830)
• The Birth of Photography (1826-1834)
• Chance Brothers and Cylinder Process Glass (1832)

• Second Industrial Revolution (1840-1870)
  • Reinforced Concrete (1849)
  • Parkesine / Nitrocellulose, First Man-Made Plastic (1856)
• The Birth of Industrial Design
• Auguste e Louis Lumière
  • The Invention of Cinema (1895)
• Georges Méliès (1861-1938)
  • Cinematic Special Effects  (1896-1914)
• Arthur Melbourne-Cooper (1874–1961)
  • The Birth of Animation (1899)
• Edward de Smedt’s Asphalt (1870)
• Aluminum
  
  

Modern (1900 / 20th Century)

• Auguste Perret
  • Rue Franklin Apartments (1902)
  • Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1913)
• Ingalls Building, First Reinforced Concrete Skyscraper (1903)
• Titanium
• Petroleum
• Plastic Materials
  • Moplen (1954)
• Synthetic Fibres

• Personal Computers
• Inkjet printing
• Laser printing
• CAD Computer-Aided Design
• CAD History
• 3D Applications
  • MODO
• Photogrammetry
• 3D Printing
• 3D Scanning
• Digital Design
• Digital Art
• Global Internet

Contemporary (20th / 21st Century)

• Sustainable Architecture and Urbanism
• Recycled Materials
• Heating, Cooling and Ventilation
• Solar Panels
• Wind Turbines
• TerraPower
• Waste Management
• Home Automation – Domotics
• PLM Product Life-Cycle Management
• BIM Building Information Technology
• Web 2.0
• Mobile Revolution
• Responsive Web Design
• AI Artificial Intelligence

Designing The Future

• Cloud and Sharing
• Sharing Economy
• Internet of Things
• Blockchain and Decentralization
• Bitcoin
• Litecoin
• Neuralink
• Cellulose
• Armorpaint